Parvovirus B19 outbreak raises alarm in Japan

According to the reports on Friday (13 December), Parvovirus B19, which causes erythema infectiosum, also known as “slapped-cheek disease,” is spreading across Japan’s Kanto region and other areas, marking its first major outbreak since 2019. The virus, which primarily affects children, is being closely monitored by health authorities as it could potentially lead to a nationwide epidemic lasting until 2025. The disease is characterized by a red rash on the cheeks and usually follows cold-like symptoms. The outbreak has raised particular concerns for pregnant women, as the virus can increase the risks of miscarriage and other complications.

According to the Japan Society for Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSIDOG), the virus spreads through respiratory droplets and shared items, with an increased risk of infection in homes. Data from over 3,000 medical facilities in Japan shows a significant rise in cases starting in August, with infection rates surging by 70% in the week of Nov. 25 to Dec. 1. The greater Tokyo area, including Saitama, Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Chiba, has seen particularly high rates of infection, prompting health advisories in these areas.

The JSIDOG estimates that 20% to 50% of pregnant women in Japan already have antibodies against parvovirus B19. However, for women experiencing a first-time infection during pregnancy, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus, potentially causing miscarriage, stillbirth, or other complications like anemia or swelling. This situation poses a significant risk to both maternal and fetal health, especially given the high levels of community transmission.

Health experts, including Hideto Yamada from the JSIDOG, emphasize the importance of preventive measures for pregnant women, as they are often infected by family members. Recommendations include frequent handwashing, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact such as kissing during the outbreak. These precautions are crucial to reducing the risk of infection and protecting both pregnant women and their unborn children.

References

• Parvovirus B19 outbreak raises concerns for pregnant women in Japan